Anal Fissures

🔍 What is an Anal Fissure?

An Anal Fissure is a small tear or cut in the lining of the anus, which can cause pain, bleeding, and discomfort, especially during or after bowel movements. Though often minor, it can be extremely painful and is a common condition in both adults and children.

🩺 Causes of Anal Fissures

Anal fissures usually occur due to trauma or irritation to the anal canal. Common causes include:

Passing hard or large stools
Chronic constipation or diarrhea
Straining during bowel movements
Anal intercourse
Childbirth (in women)
Tight anal sphincter muscles (leading to poor blood flow)

⚠️ Symptoms

Typical signs and symptoms of an anal fissure include:

Sharp, severe pain during and after bowel movements
Bright red blood on toilet paper or stool
Itching, burning, or irritation around the anus
Visible tear or crack near the anal opening
A small lump or skin tag near the fissure (in chronic cases)

📋 Types of Anal Fissures

Acute Fissure
- Recent tear, usually heals within a few weeks with conservative treatment.
Chronic Fissure
- Lasts more than 6–8 weeks
- May have deeper tear, visible skin tag, and require more advanced treatment.

💊 Treatment Options

✅ Home Remedies & Conservative Care

High-fiber diet (to soften stools)
Hydration – drink plenty of water
Warm sitz baths (2–3 times daily for 10–15 minutes)
Stool softeners or mild laxatives
Topical anesthetic or healing creams (e.g., lidocaine, nitroglycerin ointment)

🔬 Medical/Surgical Treatment

Botulinum toxin (Botox) injection – helps relax the anal muscles
Lateral internal sphincterotomy – a minor surgical procedure to relieve pressure and promote healing
Laser surgery (in select cases) – less invasive with quick recovery

🧑‍⚕️ When to See a Doctor

Pain or bleeding lasting more than a week
Recurrent fissures
Suspected infection or abscess
Non-healing fissure (chronic)
Difficulty in passing stool due to fear of pain

🧒 Anal Fissures in Children

Common in infants and toddlers
Usually related to constipation
Treatment involves dietary changes, proper toilet training, and soothing ointments

🔁 Tips for Prevention

Avoid straining during bowel movements
Include fiber-rich foods daily
Stay well-hydrated
Exercise regularly
Respond promptly to the urge to pass stools